alpha-Phellandrene is a colourless to light yellow oily liquid, exuding a distinctive black pepper, fresh, citrus, minty, and herbaceous complex aroma. As an important monoterpene compound, it is widely found in various plant essential oils and exists in both its optical isomer forms (dextrorotatory and laevorotatory).
The right-handed body is existed in cinnamon oil, ginger oil, elemi oil, cumin oil and other plants. The left-handed body is existed in eucalyptus oil, star anise oil, gump couch oil, laurel oil, pepper oil and other plants.
Phellandrene is the name for a pair of organic compounds that have a similar molecular structure and similar chemical properties. α-Phellandrene and β-phellandrene are cyclic monoterpenes and are double-bond isomers.
In α-phellandrene, both double bonds are endocyclic and in β-phellandrene, one of them is exocyclic. Both are insoluble in water, but miscible with ether.
The phellandrenes are used in fragrances because of their pleasing aromas. The odor of β-phellandrene has been described as peppery-minty and slightly citrusy.It is colorless to light yellow oily liquid with peppermint aroma. Right-handed body exists in cinnamon oil, ginger oil, elemi oil, cumin oil etc. Left-handed body exists in eucalyptus oil, star anise oil, gump couch oil, laurel oil, pepper oil, etc.
α-Phellandrene was named after Eucalyptus phellandra, now called Eucalyptus radiata, from which it can be isolated. It is also a constituent of the essential oil of Eucalyptus dives.
alpha-Pinene is an important monoterpene naturally occurring in nature, known for its distinctive pine scent. It is a primary component of Gum turpentine and is widely found in over 400 types of natural essential oils, including those from pine, fir, eucalyptus, rosemary, sage, and frankincense.
Industrially, high-purity alpha-Pinene is primarily extracted through the fractional distillation of gum turpentine, ensuring its quality and stability.
In the flavor and fragrance industry, alpha-Pinene is primarily used to synthesize compounds such as Terpineol, Linalool, and other sandalwood fragrances. It is also used as a flavoring agent in daily chemicals, with a typical content of less than 2%.
alpha-Terpinene is an isomeric hydrocarbon isolated from cardamom and marjoram oils. It is a versatile flavoring and fragrance chemical used across the personal care, cosmetics, and food industries. Additionally, alpha-Terpinene is utilized in the pharmaceutical and electronics semiconductor manufacturing industries, where its properties contribute to various applications and formulations.
Alpha-Terpineol 95% is a high-purity terpene alcohol, typically presenting as a colourless transparent liquid with a distinctive lilac and pine aroma. As a versatile chemical, it can be sourced both naturally (e.g., via distillation from tree extracts like pine oil) and synthetically. Industrially, alpha-Terpineol is primarily produced by hydrating alpha-pinene or dehydrating terpin hydrate, with the synthetic process often resulting in isomers such as β-Terpineol and γ-Terpineol.
It is widely used as a key component in fragrances such as lilac and lime. alpha-Terpineol also serves as a raw material for synthesizing other aromatic chemicals.
Amyl cinnamaldehyde is one of common ingredient in perfumery. It is synthesized from benzaldehyde and n- heptanal by aldol condensation with catalyst potassium hydroxide in solvent ethylene glycol. It’s end applications include soap, detergent, beauty care product,and household products.
Anisyl alcohol is naturally found in vanilla oil and anise oil.
It appears colorless to pale yellow liquid while easy to crystallize. It has floral odor and the smell of anise and hawthorn.
Anisyl alcohol is prepared by the hydrogenation reaction of p-Methoxybenzafdehyde.
It is widely used in the flavor and fragrance formulation of daily chemical products.
Benzaldehyde presents naturally in bitter almond oil, patchouli oil, and hyacinth oil. It appears colorless liquid with a characteristic almond-like odor. There are three methods to synthesize benzaldehyde: toluene oxidation, catalytic dehydrogenation of benzyl alcohol, and hydrolysis of dichlorobenzyl methane.
Benzaldehyde is widely used in chemical industry, especially in the preparation of perfumes, flavorings, and pharmaceuticals.
Benzyl acetate is found naturally in many flowers.
It is the primary constituent of the essential oils from the flowers jasmine, ylang-ylang and tobira. It has pleasant sweet aroma reminiscent of jasmine.
Consequently, it is used widely in perfumery and cosmetics for its aroma and in flavorings to impart apple and pear flavors
Benzyl alcohol is a water-white liquid with a faint aromatic odor and a sharp burning taste.
In industry, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, and in perfumery and flavoring. As a pharmaceutical product, it is used as an anti-parasite medication used to treat head lice. Benzyl alcohol is also used as a common preservative in many injectable drugs.
Beta-caryophyllene is a bicyclic sesquiterpene that is found in essential oils including basil, copaiba, black caraway, oregano, lavender, rosemary, cinnamon, ylang-ylang, and clove.
It is usually found as a mixture with isocaryophyllene (the cis double bond isomer) and α-humulene (obsolete name: α-caryophyllene), a ring-opened isomer.
Beta-caryophyllene can be manufactured from turpentine by-products industrially.
β-Caryophyllene is a significant tricyclic sesquiterpenoid alcohol with broad applications in the fragrance and pharmaceutical industries. It is currently prepared through the hydration of β-Caryophyllene.
β-Caryophyllene can be distilled from various essential oils, including peppermint, clove, copaiba, lavender, and Artemisia. Additionally, sesquiterpenes extracted from Pinus.massoniana include longifolene, β-cCaryophyllene, longleaf cycloene, and pinene, with β-Caryophyllene content ranging from 13% to 17%.
α-Phellandrene and β-phellandrene are cyclic monoterpenes and are double-bond isomers. In α-phellandrene, both double bonds are endocyclic and in β-phellandrene, one of them is exocyclic. Both are insoluble in water, but miscible with ether. Beta-Phellandrene is widely distributed in essential oils (Angelica, Eucalyptus, Lavandula, Mentha, Pinus species).
The phellandrenes are used in fragrances because of their pleasing aromas. The odor of β-phellandrene has been described as peppery-minty and slightly citrusy. Consequently, beta-Phellandrene is widely used in flavor industry.
Beta-Pinene and alpha-Pinene are found naturally in the Turpentine oil of pine trees. According to the different species of pinus, there is a difference in the contents of beta-Pinene. beta-Pinene appears light yellow liquid with a pine-like woody odor. It is industrially separated from turpentine oil on the rectification tower. The refined beta-Pinene is the original ingredient of fragrance raw materials. It can also be used in daily chemicals formulation.
The application of hot tearing to Myrcene is used as synthetic raw materials of Linalool, Geraniol, Nerol, Myrac aldehyde, Lyral, Ambergris and other flavors. Refined beta-Pinene can be used as the flavor of daily chemicals, and control the contents less than 2%.
β-Pinene oxide is prepared by oxidation of β-pinene in methylene chloride in the presence of sodium carbonate using peracetic acid as an oxidant at 0 °C.
BETA Pinene Oxide is widely used in fragrance formulation.
β-Ionone is a clear slightly yellow to yellow liquid with a characteristic violet-like odor, more fruity and woody than α-ionone. It’s soluble in ethanol, diethyl ester and dichloromethane, slightly soluble in water. The natural beta-ionone is found in many plants, such as violets. It is prepared by condensation of citral and acetone in dilute caustic soda solution and cycling with sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid.
Beta-ionone is mainly applied as an important raw material in pharmaceutical, especially for the production of vitamin A, vitamin E and carotene. Some recent researches demonstrate the anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic and apoptosis induction properties of beta-ionone in vitro and in vivo that can probably be used in cancer care or even treatment in the near future.
Synthetic Borneol is a high-performance product derived from alpha-pinene, primarily composed of borneol and isoborneol. Compared to its natural counterpart, the synthetic borneol offers superior cost-effectiveness. It is widely utilised across various sectors including pharmaceuticals, flavours & fragrances, food, and daily chemicals, enhancing product value with its unique properties and versatility.
Cajeput oil is produced by steam distillation of fresh leaves and twigs of the cajeput tree (Melaleuca leucadendra). Cajeput oil contains higher concentrations of 1,8 cineole(Eucalyptol), limonene and alpha-terpineol. The oil is a pale yellow clear liquid with fresh, robust and camphor like odor and a bitter taste. It is widely used in food, pharmaceutical and as general household remedies for colds, throat irritation, pain, headache, etc.
Cajeput Oil Composition vs. Tea Tree Oil
Tea tree oils are extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia while cajeput is from Melaleuca Cajuputi or Melaleuca Leucadendra ( var. cajuputi).
Cajeput contains higher concentrations of 1,8 Cineole (Eucalyptol), limonene and alpha-Terpineol. Tea tree oil contains more Terpinen-4-ol and gamma-Terpinene. Therefore, cajeput has some properties similar to those found in Eucalyptus (from the Eucalyptol) and Lemon (from the limonene).
Camellia Oleifera Oil appears as a yellow oily liquid. Its physical properties and fatty acid composition are remarkably similar to those of Olive Oil, yet Camellia Oil contains a significantly higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. Our Foreverest™ Camellia Oleifera Oil is naturally extracted and cold-hand pressed using traditional techniques from the high-quality oil-seeds of Camellia Oleifera originating in Fujian, China—this pure natural biological source guarantees exceptional product quality. It is inherently non-toxic and odour-free.
This purely extracted oil is rich in oleic acid, containing approximately 86%. Its composition perfectly fits the human body, exhibiting excellent affinity with human skin. Furthermore, Camellia Oil demonstrates superior resistance to deterioration, oxygenation, and evaporation, ensuring product stability in cosmetic formulations.
Camellia Oleifera Oil (also called as White tea oil) is transformed from natural tea oil through long-term storage in a specific environment. The natural oil turns its color from golden yellow to light yellow until colorless and tasteless crystal tea oil. The color of white tea oil is transparent and pure. It is the result of natural transformation of color and luster over the years, rather than rapid purification by artificial refining. Thereby it is also called aged white tea oil.
It is excellent ingredient to be used for cosmetic products. The pure extracted oil, which contains 86% oleic oil, fits the human body perfectly.
! Note: Camellia Oleifera Oil is extracted from seeds of Camellia Oleifera, it is different between Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract. Learn more about botanical information via FRPS or Medicinal Plant Images Database of HKBU.
Natural camphene is found in many plant essential oils, such as Turpentine oil, Cypress oil, Camphor oil, Citronella oil, etc.
Camphene appears colorless to white crystalline solid with camphor-like spicy odor. It is nearly insoluble in water, but well soluble in common organic solvents. It is prepared industrially by the Alkali treatment after the reaction of Hydrogen chloride and alpha-pinene.
Camphene is widely used as the raw material of synthetic fragrance ingredient and food-used flavorings.
Camphene, a colourless and crystalline solid, is found in minute quantities in Turpentine. Its odour is similar to Camphor, and it is nearly insoluble in water, but well soluble in common organic solvents. It is a minor constituent of many essential oils such as Turpentine, Cypress oil, Camphor oil, Citronella oil, Neroli, Ginger oil, and Valerian.
Camphene is used chiefly as materials for Synthetic Borneol, Sandalwood fragrance, Synthetic camphor, Synthetic perfumes, IBOA, Toxaphene perfume, medicines and other synthetic organic chemicals. It is also used as a food additive for flavouring, and as a flavouring agent in soap and deodorant, and as a raw material for pesticides.
Carnosic acid is natural benzenediol abietane diterpene. It is extracted from rosemary and common sage. Carnosic acid appears dark brown-yellow to light white powder. It is widely used in the food, cosmetic and chemical industries.
Carvacrol is also called isothymol, a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a spicy odor as Thymol. Carvacrol is naturally found in many essential oils especially in thyme oil. It is prepared by the sulfonation reaction of p-Cymene. With a special aroma, Carvacrol is widely used in fragrance formulation, oral product, spice, medicine etc. It’s used as a disinfectant and fungicide due to its capability of killing bacteria and intestinal parasites.
Caryophyllene oxide is one of the terpenes found in cannabis, as well as one of the major terpenes found in cloves, basil, hops, pepper, and rosemary.
Caryophyllene oxide is an oxygenated terpenoid, usually a metabolic by product of caryophyllene.
Its use as an antifungal is highly effective with certain species. In addition, caryophyllene oxide has also been indicated as an anticoagulant with platelets.
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