PINEYE™ EC EMULSION
A BIO-BASED SUNGUARD ADJUVANT FOR YOUR CROPS & FRUITS
PINEYE™ EC emulsion is a bio-based film forming adjuvant. The Antitranspiration property protected your crops, flowers, fruits from sun damage, and reduced stomatal opening status and water loss.
Impact of Climate Change on Crops
A research paper (Cuijing, 2011) stated that rising temperatures can impact net crop revenue. For instance, when the temperature increased by 1°C, the total revenue of wheat in China decreased by 1.5% to 5.4% (You et al., 2005).
For example, in Huazhong, the net revenue of this season’s rice crop decreased by 0.003% when the monthly hours of sunlight increased by 10 hours. In contrast, the Northwest Area and Huanan saw an increase of 0.0030% to 0.0047% under the same conditions.
The net revenue of winter wheat in Huanan increased by 0.03% when the monthly hours of sunlight rose by 10 hours. However, this effect is relative: the net revenue decreased by 0.09% in Huazhong and by 0.03% in the Northwest Area.
Corn crops exhibited similar trends. When the monthly hours of sunlight increased by 10 hours, the net revenue increased by 0.03% in Huazhong, the Northwest, and the Northeast areas but decreased by 0.01% in Huanan.
| Causes Factor to Crops | |||
| Wheat | Rice | Corn | |
| Temperature | -0.76 | -2.61 | 3.14 |
| Precipitation | 0.66 | -1.72 | 1.64 |
| Sunlight | -0.38 | 0.59 | -0.60 |
Type of Plants Sunburn
Three types of sunburn have been identified in apples (Schrader et al., 2011). Sunburn Necrosis is caused exclusively by high fruit surface temperatures and manifests as a necrotic spot on the sun-exposed side of the fruit while it is still on the tree (Graeme Thomson, 2014).
Sunburn Browning occurs when the fruit is exposed to both high surface temperatures (46°C to 49°C, depending on the cultivar) and ultraviolet-B radiation. Unlike Sunburn Necrosis, this type does not result in cell death.
Photo-oxidative Sunburn is triggered by visible light and affects apples that are suddenly exposed to solar radiation after being shaded. Initially, the affected areas of the skin appear bleached, but they later become necrotic.
Sunburn on Your Crops, Flowers and Fruits
Sun damage will cause the sunburn, sunburn browning and necrotic.
Farmers lose money every year due to hot weather. In South Africa, for instance, 20% of Golden Delicious apple crops and 40% of Granny Smith apple crops are damaged by browning or necrosis on their surfaces, rendering them unsuitable for export or sale (Engela Duvenage, 2014).
In China, high temperatures and severe storms have significantly reduced yields of tea, hickory nuts, and lotus flowers in Hangzhou compared to the previous year (Xu Wenwen, 2014). When temperatures exceed 35°C, young tea bushes begin to suffer from sunburn.
North America and Latin America have also been affected. Approximately 40% of apple crops, including Fuji, Braeburn, and Cripps Pink varieties, have been lost due to sunburn. In Chile, farmers lose around 13.5% of their crops annually, equivalent to US$100 million (Dr. José Antonio Yuri).
The primary cause of this damage is UV (ultraviolet) radiation.
01
Yellow Emulsion
PINEYE™ EC (the sample on the right) appears pale yellow before being mixed with water or fungicides. It is a non-ionic organic adjuvant.
02
Easy Mixing with Water
PINEYE™ EC emulsion is water-soluble. When blended with water, the liquid appears white in colour.
03
Film Forming Performance
PINEYE™ EC emulsion has film-forming properties and forms an elastic coating on the surface of foliage. The key ingredients are plant-derived, exhibiting friendly bioactivity while aiding fungicides in penetrating both hairy and waxy leaf surfaces.
04
The Antitranspirant Ability
A plant sun-guard test was conducted at noon on 26°C, 6 June 2016. Two samples (the left and middle ones) were treated with an antitranspirant liquid, while one leaf (the right one) was left untreated without any adjuvant. The samples were sprayed and then left outdoors for 6 hours before being moved indoors for an additional 15 hours. After 21 hours, the foliage treated with the adjuvant remained green and fresh. PINEYE™ EC emulsion (the middle sample) reduces the transpiration rate of plants, effectively locking in water.
05
Defense the Sunburn
On 7 June 2016, foliage samples were placed directly under sunlight for three hours in the afternoon. The samples were damaged by the sunlight, with noticeable differences observed between them. The right leaf sample, which was untreated (without adjuvant), exhibited significant wilting across a large area. The middle sample, treated with PINEYE™ EC emulsion, showed wilting but only over a smaller area. In comparison, the left sample, treated with a competitor product, demonstrated a tangible difference in its level of damage.
Download Product List
Easy download the whitepaper of PINEYE™ EC label to read the T/R report of global plantation, and learn how to used PINEYE™ EC emulsion as spreader sticker.
Get the Quote
Contact our sales team to get the latest product specifications and product quotes.